بررسی رویکردهای متعارض به حاکمیت سایبری ( مطالعه موردی حاکمیت سایبری روسیه و آمریکا)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

پژوهشگر،

چکیده

هدف این مقاله بررسی اصول راهنمای رقابتی حاکم بر فضای سایبری جهانی است. یکی از راه‌های دست‌یابی به این هدف نیز مقایسه و درک نوع نگاه کشورها به ویژه قدرت‌های بزرگ به این موضوع است. با توجه بااین مسله سوال اصلی پژوهش حاکی از این است که روسیه و آمریکا چه دیدگاهی نسبت به حاکمیت سایبری دارند؟ و در یک زمینه گسترده‌تر دیدگاه‌ آنها نسبت به این حاکمیت متاثر از چه عواملی است؟در پاسخ به این پرسش، پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی نشان می‌دهد که همانند فضای واقعی، روسیه از حاکمیت وستفالی در فضای سایبری حمایت می‌کند. اما تجزیه و تحلیل این حاکمیت نشان می‌دهد که این نوع حاکمیت بیشتر درمورد روابط روسیه و کشورهای غربی حاکم است و در ارتباط با کشورهای شوروی سابق روسیه از مدل حاکمیت پساشوری استفاده می‌کند. در مقابل آمریکا از مدل چند ذی‌نفعی در حاکمیت سایبری بهره می‌برد. با این‌حال، بررسی دقیق‌تر این مدل نیز نشان می‌دهد که آمریکا از این مدل صرفا برای حفظ هژمونی خود در فضای سایبری بهره برده و در فضای داخلی قائل به نقش کنترل‌گر دولت است. یافته‌های پژوهش همچنین نشان می‌دهد که بسیاری از اختلاف‌های روسیه و آمریکا در زمینه حاکمیت سایبری ناشی از دو متغییراساسی ایدئولوژی سیاسی حاکم بر نظام سیاسی و نظم مطلوب در نظام بین‌المللی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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