Examining contrasting approaches to cyber governance (a case study of Russian and U.S. cyber sovereignty).

The goal of this article is to examine the competitive guiding principles for global cyberspace. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to compare and understand the way countries, especially great powers, view this issue. Because of this, the main question of the research is: what is the approach of Russia and the United States to cyber sovereignty? And in a broader context, what factors influence their stance? In response to this question, the results of the study show that Russia, as in the real world, supports Westphalian sovereignty in cyberspace. However, the analysis of this sovereignty shows that this type of sovereignty is more dominant in relations between Russia and Western countries, and Russia uses the model of post-Soviet sovereignty in relation to Post-Soviet countries. In contrast, the United States uses a multi-stakeholder model of cyber sovereignty. However, a closer look at this model also shows that the United States has used this model only to maintain its hegemony in cyberspace and views the role of government as a controller within. The results also show that many of the differences between Russia and the United States in terms of cyber sovereignty can be attributed to two fundamental variables: the political ideology of the political system and the desired order in the international system. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data are derived from a review of studies, documents, and reports.