The transformation of the state in the Middle East regional security complex: Studying the experience of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Arash Saffar 1
Gholamali Chegnizadeh 2
1 phd student Allameh Tabatabaie university
2 Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
After the establishment and independence of the Arab kingdoms of the Persian Gulf, the lack of socio-political cohesion in these countries led to the prominence of security in the military and political sectors; concerns about external threats and internal vulnerabilities in these kingdoms have strengthened the conflictual structure of the Middle East security complex, especially in the Persian Gulf sub-region. However, since the second decade of the twenty-first century, on the one hand, the transformation of the state, the gradual strengthening of socio-political cohesion and the exposure of vulnerabilities that threatened the security of these countries due to governance according to rent-distribution patterns, and on the other hand, the process of forming new centers of power, wealth and cultural authority at the global level, have forced the ruling elites to reconsider the national social contract of these countries. The importance of security in the economic, social and environmental sectors in the GCC countries, which has been reflected in the development plans and strategies of these countries, has led to changes in the patterns of relations between the Arab kingdoms of the Persian Gulf with other countries in the region and the great powers. These changes have provided new perspectives for the Middle East's transition from conflict.
Keywords
State
Persian Gulf Cooperation Council
socio-political cohesion
security
regional security complex

  • منابع

    کتاب فارسی

    • بوزان، بری؛ ویور، اله؛ دو ویلد، پاپ (1395). چارچوبی تازه برای تحلیل امنیت (علیرضا طیب، مترجم). تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
    • بوزان، بری (1390). مردم، دولت‌ها و هراس (بی­نا، مترجم). تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
    • بوزان، بری؛ ویور، اُله (1388). مناطق و قدرت‌ها ساختار امنیت بین‌المللی (رحمان قهرمان‌پور، مترجم). تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
    • چگنی‌زاده، غلامعلی (۱۳۹۷)، تأملی پیرامون امنیت و امنیت بین‌الملل (مجموعه مقالات)، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
    • ویلیامز، پل (1392). درآمدی بر بررسی‌های امنیت (علیرضا طیب، مترجم). تهران: امیرکبیر.
    • هینه بوش، ریموند؛ احتشامی، انوشیروان (1390). سیاست خارجی کشورهای خاورمیانه (رحمان قهرمان‌پور و مرتضی مساح، مترجم). تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق (ع).

    مقاله فارسی

    • چگنی‌زاده، غلامعلی، احمدیان، فریدون (1398)، «رابطه ضعف دولت با منازعه­آمیز شدن مجموعه امنیتی منطقه ای و ناامنی (عراق و سوریه)»، فصل­نامه سیاست جهانی. تابستان 1398، (28)، 106-67.

    پایان­نامه فارسی

    • احمدیان، فریدون (1399)، دولت­های ضعیف و امنیت در خاورمیانه بعد از جنگ سرد با تأکید بر عراق و سوریه. (رساله دکتری منتشر نشده)، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران.

    کتاب انگلیسی

    • Acharya, Amitav, Buzan, Barry (2019), Making of Global International Relations: Origins and Evolution of IR at its Centenary, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Beblawi, Hazem& Luciani, Giacomo (1987), The Rentier State, New York: Groom Helm.
    • Yousef, Tarik M (2004), Development, Growth and Policy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa since 1950. Journal of Economic Perspectives

    مقاله انگلیسی

    • Alvaredo, F., L. Chancel, T. Piketty, E. Saez, and G. Zucman (2018), ‘World Inequality Report 2018’.
    • Dahi, Omar S. 2011. ‘Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Revolts’. Middle East Report, No. 259, North Africa: The Political Economy of Revolt. Middle East Research Project, Inc
    • Daly, Galip. 2017. ‘Arab Monarchies and the Illusion of Stability’. Available at: middleeasteye.net/big-story/arab-monarchies-and-illusion-stability
    • Domalewska, Dorota (2020), ‘The transformation of global international society and the security agenda’, Interview with Professor Barry Buzan, London School of Economics and Political Science.
    • Gamal A. G. Soltan(1997), ‘State Building, Modernization and Political Islam, the Search for Political, Community(s) in the Middle East’, Afers Internacionals, NO 37
    • Gerd Nonnem (2004), ‘The Gulf States and the Iran–Iraq War: Pattern Shifts and Continuities in Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies’,
    • Grow, Johannes (2019), ‘Economic (In)security and Economic Integration in the Middle East’
    • Pine Roehrs (2005), ‘Weak States and Implication for Regional Security: A Case Study of Georgian Instability and Caspian Regional Insecurity’, Research Institute for European and American Studies (RIEAS)
    • Shanahan, Rodger (2009), ‘The Gulf States and Iran: Robust Competitors or Interested Bystanders?’ Available at: www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/gulf-states-iran-robust-competitors-or-interested-bystanders
    • Sika, Nadine (2012), ‘The Political Economy of Arab Uprisings’. European Institute of the Mediterranean

    پایان نامه انگلیسی

    • Oskanian, Kevork (2010), Weaving Webs of Insecurity: Fear, Weakness and Power in the Post-Soviet South Caucasus, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), PhD Thesis.

    منابع اینترنتی

    • Al-Khatteeb, L. 2015. ‘Saudi Arabia’s economic time bomb’. www.brookings.edu/opinions/saudi-arabias-economic-time-bomb
    • Bahrain Economic Vision 2030, Available at: www.bahrain.bh/wps/portal/en
    • Central Bank Digital Currency Strategy - the Digital Dirham, Available at: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/strategies-plans-and-visions/government-services-and-digital-transformation
    • Dubai Metaverse Strategy, Available at: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/strategies-plans-and-visions/government-services-and-digital-transformation/dubai-metaverse-strategy
    • KSA 2030 Vision Available at: https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/media/rc0b5oy1/saudi_vision203.pdf
    • Silk City: What makes Madinat Al Hareer in Kuwait the next big thing?, Available at: www.weetas.com/article/madinat-al-hareer-next-big-thing/
    • The UAE's Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Strategy, Available at: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/strategies-plans-and-visions/government-services-and-digital-transformation/the-uae-strategy-for-the-fourth-industrial-revolution
    • UAE Earns Big as Iran Sells Oil to China, Available at: https://www.bourseandbazaar.com/articles/2021/10/27/uae-earns-big-as-iran-sells-oil-to-china
Quarterly Journal of Environmental Studies Strategic of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 32
Autumn 2025
Pages 109-142