-
Document Type : Original Article
Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Guilan
Abstract
The African continent, with its geographical, economic, cultural and political characteristics, has become one of the most influential regions in the anti-arrogance and resistance-seeking discourse of the Iranian G.A. in the post-Cold War era and the prosperity of regionalism. The policies of the Iranian G.A. in Africa have a multi-layered structure with the aim of strengthening the country's geopolitical position and creating an institution that helps its foreign policy goals. Therefore, the strategic goal of these policies is to introduce Iran as a power beyond a regional force and to pressure regional and trans-regional rivals in other geographies in order to gain political and economic benefits, reduce the impact of sanctions, and by forming coalitions and creating a resistance discourse based on the Islamic Revolution, neutralize the political isolation strategy of the Hebrew-Arab axis designed against Iran. In this regard, the main question of the research is posed as follows: What is the main strategy of Iran's foreign policy towards the African continent? In response to this hypothesis, it is proposed that, given the importance of the developing world in Iran's macro strategies to criticize the current international order and promote the resistance discourse derived from the Islamic Revolution, the African continent is of great importance in terms of historical support and dissatisfaction with the current arrangements in Iran's geopolitical strategy, geoeconomy, and geoculture in the global south. We do this based on a descriptive-analytical approach using qualitative research methods that have been used to collect information from documentary-library sources and reliable cyberspace websites.
Keywords
الف- فارسی
پوراحمدی، حسین و فیض اللهی، مهدی( 1402). «بازی با حاصل جمع صفر در قفقاز جنوبی( با تاکید بر جنگ قره باغ 2020)». فصلنامه مطالعات آسیای مرکزی و قفقاز، سال بیست و نهم، شماره 123، پاییز.
عسگرخانی، ابومحمد و پیرسلامی ارغوانی، فریبرز( 1390). «سیاست تعامل سازنده و الزام توسعه روابط اقتصادی ایران و آفریقا». فصلنامه روابط خارجی، سال سوم، شماره دوم، تابستان.
یگانه صالحی، مهرداد و رئیسی نژاد، آرش( 1402). «اتحاد آنکارا- باکو در جنگ دوم قره باغ و تاثیر آن بر امنیت ملی ایران». فصلنامه سیاست خارجی، سال سی و هفتم، شماره 2، تابستان.
ب- انگلیسی
Alibabalu, Sayyad Sadri and Teymur Sarkhanov(2023). "IRAN’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND RELIGIOUS SOFT POWER IN AFRICA". Center for Study of Religion and Religious Tolerance, Belgrade, Serbia.This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licens.
DIRCO (2024). South Africa concerned at possible escalation of hostilities in the Middle East. Pretoria: Department of International Relations and Cooperation, 14 April 2024.
Hunter, Shirin(2010). Iran’s Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era Resisting the New International Order. Praeger, California.
Khan Ahmadi, Leila (2023). "The cultural relations between Iran and Sub–Sahara African countries before and after the Islamic revolution". Africa Asia Relations, vol. 1 (1), pp. 49-65
Kohnert, Dirk(2024). Expanding Horizons: Iran's Strategic Engagements in Sub-Saharan Africa Insights from South Africa, Nigeria, and Tanzania. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/121656/ MPRA Paper No. 121656, posted 09 Aug 2024 10:43 UTC.
Lob, Eric (2022). Iran’s foreign policy and developmental activities in Africa. Between expansionist ambitions and hegemonic constraints in The Gulf States and the Horn of Africa. In: Robert Mason & and Simon Mabon (eds.): The Gulf States and the Horn of Africa. Manchester University Press8
Lob, Eric (2023). Iran is Trying to Jumpstart Economic Relations with Africa. https://intpolicydigest.org/iran-is-trying-to-jumpstart-economic-relations-with-africa.
Lob, Eric (2023). “Iran‐Africa relations under Raisi: Salvaging ties with the continent”. Muslim World, vol. 113 (1-2), pp. 193-208
Lob, Eric and Hakan Yilmazkuday(2024). A Political Economy Analysis of Changes and Continuities in Iran-Africa Trade Relations: A Case of South-South Dependency?. Department of Economics Florida International University Working Paper 2405.
Ludbrook, Kim(2024). IntelBrief: Iran Extends its Influence in Africa. https://thesoufancenter.org/intelbrief-2024-april-1.
Marsai , Viktor & Erzsébet N. Rózsa(2023). “The Late-comer Friend: Iranian Interests on the Horn of Africa”. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 17:4, 356-370, DOI: 10.1080/25765949.2023.2300582.
Mazzucco, joan(2023). ‘Iran and the Horn of Africa: the stakes and hurdles of building a strategic foothold’,.Gulfif.org.
Naeni, Amin(2023). Iran’s renewed Africa policy: Raisi’s ambition and the perception of Western decline. https://www.mei.edu/publications/irans-renewed-africa-policy-raisis-ambition-and-perception-western-decline.
Neriah, Jacques(2023). Is Iran “Retuning” Its Relations with the African Continent?. https://jcpa.org/is-iran-retuning-its-relations-with-the-african-continent.
Onditi, Francis (2022). How to think and frame Third Worldism with illustrations from Iran-South Africa diplomatic relations. 2006-2019. Qeios, 29 Nov 2022, pp. 1-13
Schiavi, Francesco Salesio(2024). Iran’s Quest for Influence in Africa. https://www.natofoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/NDCF-Paper-Schiavi-Iran-rise-in-Africa-r.pdf.
Scollon, Michael (2024). Iran homing in on Africa with trade promises, chaos. Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, April 23, 2024
Sons, Sebastian(2024). A New Old Player in Town: Reconciliation between Sudan and Iran and its Regional Implications. Brussels International Center, https://bic-rhr.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/BIC%20Policy%20Brief_Sebastian%20Sons_September%202024.pdf.
Stepan, Alfred(2013). “Stateness, Democracy, and Respect: Senegal in Comparative Perspective” in: Tolerance, Democracy, and Sufis in Senegal. Mamadou Diouf (ed.), Columbia University Press, New York.
Toğa , Oral(2024). Iran's Approach to the African Continent and Its Strategic Objectives. https://iramcenter.org/en/irans-approach-to-the-african-continent-and-its-strategic-objectives_en-2470.
Uani(2024). How Iran Exports its Ideology. https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/ideological-expansion.
Vaziri, Parisa (2021). “Thaumaturgic, Cartoon Blackface”. Lateral, Journal of the Cultural Studies Association, Cultural Constructions of Race and Racism in the Middle East and North Africa / Southwest Asia and North Africa (MENA/SWANA), vol. 10 (1), (Spring 2021), pp. 1-9 Wagdy Sawahel, “Iran’s ‘branch campuses’ reach Sub-Saharan Africa”, available at: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post. php?story=20180925134208657 (accessed October 6, 2022).
Yousefi, Hassan, Hassan Khodaverdi and Garineh Keshishyan Siraki(2022). “Foreign Relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Tunisia: A Comparative Study of the Ahmadinejad and Rouhani Governments”. World Politics, Vol. 11, No. 1.
)