Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Law, Go. C, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
2
Department of Law, Gon, C., Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran.
3
Department of Law, Az, C., Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.
Abstract
Cooperatives, as one of the most important forms of socio-economic organizations, play a central role in promoting social justice, enhancing productivity, and contributing to sustainable development. The performance of cooperatives depends largely on managerial efficiency, members’ participation, and the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The main objective of this study is to conduct an organizational performance pathology analysis of cooperatives in Iran, the United States, and the United Kingdom in order to identify their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement. The research question is: “What factors explain the differences in the organizational performance of cooperatives in Iran compared to those in the United States and the United Kingdom, and what are the broader socio-economic implications of these differences?” The study hypothesizes that variations in cooperative performance are rooted in institutional frameworks, legal structures, levels of social capital, and management practices across the three countries. This research employs a descriptive–analytical approach, using documentary evidence, international reports, comparative studies, and qualitative content analysis. Findings indicate that Iranian cooperatives often suffer from limited financial transparency, weak managerial capabilities, and insufficient member participation, while in the U.S. and U.K., stronger legal frameworks and monitoring mechanisms have enabled greater sustainability and innovation. The study concludes that structural reforms, enhanced managerial training, stronger social capital, and adoption of international best practices can significantly improve the performance of cooperatives in Iran.
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